Baked Macaroni and Cheese

Featured in: Gather & Share

Indulge in classic comfort with tender macaroni enveloped in a rich, creamy cheddar and mozzarella sauce, finished with a buttery, golden breadcrumb topping. This beloved American favorite bakes up bubbly and crisp, ideal as a hearty main or savory side. Customize with your choice of cheeses, a touch of spice, or savory add-ins like bacon. It’s an easy make-ahead option—just assemble and bake when ready for a crowd-pleasing, soul-warming meal.

Updated on Mon, 08 Sep 2025 14:36:44 GMT
Baked macaroni and cheese bubbling in a casserole dish with crispy breadcrumb topping. Pin
Baked macaroni and cheese bubbling in a casserole dish with crispy breadcrumb topping. | kitchenprairie.com

Baked macaroni and cheese is my go-to when I crave something cozy and nostalgic with a creamy cheese sauce and buttery topping that reminds me of family gatherings and chilly Sunday nights. The bubbling golden crust and rich filling make this version a timeless winner whenever comfort is needed.

I started baking this mac and cheese for holidays and now everyone expects it at every family event. Watching the top brown and hearing the bubbling sauce always gets everyone to the table fast.

Ingredients

  • Elbow macaroni: Chosen for the classic texture and shape that holds onto the cheese sauce well. Use a bronze-die variety for better grip
  • Unsalted butter: Gives the cream sauce a rich base and ensures even browning in the topping. Choose high-quality European for extra flavor
  • All-purpose flour: Thickens the cheese sauce smoothly. Sift if possible for lump-free results
  • Whole milk: Use warm for smoother blending with the roux. Full fat gives the sauce a silkier finish
  • Heavy cream: Adds richness and balances sharpness from the cheeses
  • Sharp cheddar cheese: For that punchy classic flavor and melty pull. Buy in blocks and shred yourself for best melt
  • Mozzarella cheese: Offers extra stretch and creamy flavor. Whole milk varieties are creamier
  • Garlic powder: Brings gentle savory depth to the sauce
  • Mustard powder: Optional but perks up the cheese flavor. Freshness counts
  • Breadcrumbs: Panko creates a crispy top while regular yields a finer crust. Buy unseasoned for custom flavor
  • Parmesan cheese: Optional but brings a savory salty finish to the crust. Freshly grated is best
  • Salt and black pepper: To season every layer perfectly. Use kosher salt and fresh ground pepper when possible

Instructions

Cook the Pasta:
Bring a large pot of salted water to a rolling boil and add the elbow macaroni. Stir occasionally and cook just until the pasta is barely al dente which should be about one or two minutes less than the package says. This keeps the noodles from getting mushy after baking. Drain thoroughly and set aside
Build the Roux:
In a large saucepan melt the butter over medium heat. When it foams add the flour stirring constantly with a whisk for about one to two minutes. This step creates the base for a smooth sauce and removes any raw flour taste
Make the Cheese Sauce:
Slowly pour in the warm milk and then the cream whisking to prevent lumps. Keep the heat medium and stir constantly for four to five minutes until the mixture thickens enough to coat the back of a spoon
Season and Add Cheese:
Turn off the heat and add garlic powder mustard powder salt and pepper. Then add the shredded cheddar and mozzarella. Stir until completely melted and the sauce is glossy and smooth. Taste and adjust seasoning as needed
Combine Pasta and Sauce:
Add the drained macaroni right into the cheese sauce. Stir gently and thoroughly to make sure every piece is coated in cheese. Spoon this mixture evenly into a greased nine by thirteen baking dish spreading the top flat for an even crust
Prepare and Add Topping:
In a small bowl mix together the breadcrumbs melted butter and Parmesan if using. Scatter this mixture evenly over the pasta making sure to reach the edges for full coverage and maximum crunch
Bake:
Place the dish in a preheated three hundred seventy five degree oven. Bake for twenty five to thirty minutes until the sauce bubbles and the top is deeply golden and crisp. If you like a darker crust turn on the broiler for one or two minutes at the end but watch closely
Let it Rest:
Remove from the oven and let the macaroni and cheese rest at least five minutes before serving. This allows the sauce to thicken and makes serving neater
Golden baked macaroni and cheese served hot with gooey cheese sauce and toasted crust. Pin
Golden baked macaroni and cheese served hot with gooey cheese sauce and toasted crust. | kitchenprairie.com

If I have to choose one standout ingredient it is always sharp cheddar. Its tang makes everything else taste even cheesier. One of my best memories is baking this dish with my cousins when we were kids and leaving cheesy fingerprints everywhere before dinner started.

Storage Tips

Cover leftovers tightly with foil or transfer to an airtight container. Refrigerate up to four days. For best results reheat covered in the oven at three hundred fifty degrees until heated through. If freezing allow the casserole to cool completely then wrap securely and freeze up to two months. Thaw overnight in the fridge before baking

Ingredient Substitutions

Swap out some cheddar for Gruyere or Monterey Jack for creamier or nuttier undertones. For gluten free use your favorite gluten free pasta and all purpose flour blend. Plant based cheese shreds and non dairy butter can work for dairy free though the texture will be slightly different. You can add cooked bacon roasted broccoli or sautéed mushrooms right before baking for extra flavor

Serving Suggestions

Baked macaroni and cheese shines on its own as a main course yet pairs perfectly with crisp salads roasted veggies or simply steamed broccoli for extra balance. For special occasions add a side of buttery cornbread or serve as part of a buffet with other classic comfort sides

Cultural Context

Macaroni and cheese has deep roots in American food history especially in Southern and soul food traditions. It became a staple thanks to its adaptability and comforting nature making its way from fancy banquets to everyday tables across the country

Seasonal Adaptations

Replace part of the cheese with smoked gouda or fontina for a cold weather twist Fold cooked butternut squash or roasted cauliflower into the pasta for extra autumn heartiness Toss in chopped fresh chives or ramps in spring for a fresh pop of flavor

Success Stories

Whenever I bring this dish to potlucks or bake sales the pan always comes home empty. Once I added crumbled garlic chips on top and it quickly became a talked about variation among my friends. Families have messaged me for the recipe after trying it at my table

Freezer Meal Conversion

Assemble the casserole and let cool then wrap well and freeze unbaked. When needed thaw overnight and bake as directed plus an extra ten to fifteen minutes if still cold. It is a lifesaver during busy weeks or holidays

Comforting baked macaroni and cheese plated as a main dish, melty and richly browned. Pin
Comforting baked macaroni and cheese plated as a main dish, melty and richly browned. | kitchenprairie.com

Let it rest five minutes before serving to keep the layers neat and delicious. Enjoy every creamy forkful fresh from the oven.

Recipe Questions & Answers

How do I prevent the sauce from curdling?

Warm the milk before adding and stir continuously over medium heat. Avoid overheating once cheese is added.

Can I use different types of cheese?

Yes, try blends like Gruyère or Monterey Jack for added flavor and creaminess in the sauce.

How can I make this dish ahead?

Assemble all components, cover, and refrigerate. Bake just before serving for best texture.

Is it possible to make this gluten-free?

Use gluten-free pasta and substitute all-purpose flour with a gluten-free flour blend in the sauce.

What’s the best way to reheat leftovers?

Reheat covered in the oven at 350°F until warmed through, adding a splash of milk if needed for moisture.

Can I add proteins or vegetables?

Certainly! Sautéed onions, cooked bacon, or steamed broccoli make delicious additions to the dish.

Baked Macaroni and Cheese

Elbow macaroni baked in a creamy cheddar sauce and topped with a golden, buttery breadcrumb crust.

Prep duration
20 min
Cook duration
30 min
Complete duration
50 min


Skill level Medium

Heritage American

Output 6 Portions

Diet specifications Vegetarian

Components

Pasta

01 12 ounces elbow macaroni
02 Salt for boiling water

Cheese Sauce

01 4 tablespoons unsalted butter
02 1/4 cup all-purpose flour
03 3 cups whole milk, warmed
04 1 cup heavy cream
05 2 1/2 cups shredded sharp cheddar cheese
06 1 cup shredded mozzarella cheese
07 1/2 teaspoon garlic powder
08 1/2 teaspoon mustard powder (optional)
09 Salt and black pepper to taste

Topping

01 1/2 cup breadcrumbs (panko or regular)
02 2 tablespoons unsalted butter, melted
03 2 tablespoons grated Parmesan cheese (optional)

Directions

Phase 01

Prepare Oven and Bakeware: Preheat oven to 375°F. Lightly grease a 9x13-inch baking dish.

Phase 02

Cook Macaroni: Bring a large pot of salted water to a boil. Cook macaroni until just al dente, about 1–2 minutes less than package instructions. Drain and set aside.

Phase 03

Make Roux: Melt butter in a large saucepan over medium heat. Whisk in flour and cook, stirring, for 1 to 2 minutes until pale golden.

Phase 04

Prepare Cheese Sauce: Gradually whisk in warmed milk and heavy cream. Stir constantly until mixture is smooth. Continue cooking 4 to 5 minutes, until thickened.

Phase 05

Season and Add Cheese: Add garlic powder, mustard powder if using, salt, and black pepper. Remove from heat and fold in cheddar and mozzarella until cheeses are fully melted and sauce is smooth.

Phase 06

Combine Pasta and Sauce: Mix drained macaroni into cheese sauce, ensuring even coverage. Transfer mixture to prepared baking dish.

Phase 07

Prepare and Add Topping: In a small bowl, combine breadcrumbs with melted butter and Parmesan if desired. Evenly sprinkle mixture over the surface of the pasta.

Phase 08

Bake and Serve: Bake for 25 to 30 minutes, until topping is golden and the dish is bubbling. Allow to rest for 5 minutes before serving.

Necessary tools

  • Large pot
  • Saucepan
  • Whisk
  • 9x13-inch baking dish
  • Mixing bowls
  • Measuring cups and spoons

Allergy details

Review each component for potential allergens and consult with healthcare professionals if you're uncertain.
  • Contains gluten and dairy.
  • For a gluten-free version, use gluten-free pasta and flour.
  • For dairy-free, substitute all dairy ingredients with plant-based alternatives; note texture will vary.

Nutrient content (each portion)

This data is offered as a general guide and isn't a substitute for professional medical guidance.
  • Energy: 520
  • Fat: 32 g
  • Carbohydrates: 40 g
  • Protein: 18 g